Solar Eclipse
Snorkeling in Alaska
Carrie Blast Furnaces
Nuttallburg
Bridge Walk

Historic Don Jail

One of the buildings open for Doors Open Toronto was the historic Don Jail, which now houses Bridgepoint Active Healthcare Administration Building. The jail was built between 1800-1866 and closed in 1977. I have not toured that many old jails, but this building has ornamentation that I honestly did not think would ever be in a jail. It was built as a reform jail, and evidently sunlight was part of that idea. The cells, or at least the doorways I could see, were still pretty darn tiny though. Architecturally, it is something to behold.

After it closed, the jail evidently sat unused for a while because really, what do you do with an old jail? Bridgepoint purchased it to turn it into an administrative building next to their hospital. They preserved its historic elements. It does seem like some of the offices must be nice, but I can’t imagine working in an old jail no matter how many fresh coats of paint are put on it. There is even a closed off area, which was open for photos, where the gallows were. The are offices across the hall for the gallows room. I really don’t think I could work on that hallway.

Historic Don Jail exterior
Atrium which is shaped as half an octagon.
Atrium view from second floor
The atrium balconies are help up by really ornate brackets shaped like dangerous animals like servants and dragons
A better view of the dragon brackets supporting the balconies
Isolation cells for punishment were about a cot’s width
Cells that have been turned into offices
Gallows area. The outline of where the wood gallows were was left visible.

F.J. Horgan Water Treatment Plant

The F.J. Horgan Water Treatment Plant was one of my top two reasons for coming to Doors Open Toronto. Sadly, no wastewater treatment plants were open for the event, as I find them more interesting than water treatment plants. However, water treatment plants are still interesting. This plant was even more interesting than I initially thought it would be because I am fairly this is the first water treatment plant I have been to where they use ozone for the initial disinfectant. This is the second water treatment plant I have visited in Toronto. The first Doors Open Toronto I came to, I visited the absolutely magnificent R.C. Harris Water Treatment Plant. F.J. Horgan Water Treatment Plant is not as beautiful, but it is interesting none the less.

The plant’s water intake is from pipes in Lake Ontario over 2 km from shore. It is then pumped to the plant and then up from the pipes which are (I think) nine stories below the surface. The plant sits on cliffs high above the water surface. Ozone is added to the water. Ozone disinfects the water. The ozone is made at the treatment plant from liquid oxygen. Before the water leaves the tanks where is contacts ozone, sodium bisulfite is added to remove any left over ozone.

Ozone generation unit from liquid oxygen and electricity
Ozone is piped to water contact units

Coagulant is then added to the water. Coagulant causes certain ions and tiny particles to start to come together to make bigger particles, which are easier to filter out. The water is pumped to sediment filters. The filters have a lower sand layer topped with a carbon layer. The filter tanks are huge, but so are the pipes in the building.

Gigantic water pipe conveying water (I think) to the filter tanks
This is a horrible photo because is taken through glass with wire lining, but that is water in the filter tanks. The filters are at the bottom, and I think blue plastic thing is the trough where the backwash goes when the unit is backwashed.
Another horrible photo taken through glass, but on the left side is an empty filter tank, and on the right side is a filter tank with water.
Low pressure air pipes in the filtration gallery
Gigantic air pipes running through the main part of the building

After the water has been cleaned, chlorine is added. The water has already been disinfected at this point, but a residual disinfectant is needed to kill any bacteria the water may encounter in the distribution system on its way to customers.

Bay Lower Subway Station

Another site I visited with Doors Open Toronto was an abandoned subway station. When the Bay Subway Station was built, there was an upper and lower level. According to the Doors Open Toronto website “When Line 2 officially opened in 1966, Bay Lower was in full use. Alternate trains used the Wye connection, which allowed customers to travel from Line 1 to Line 2 without changing trains. The TTC tested this system for six months and also tested the two separate subway lines for six months. Following testing, the TTC decided that two trains worked best and Bay Lower was closed.” If like me, you do not live in Toronto, that means very little or nothing. Having studied the Toronto subway map for a little bit of time, I think I now understands what it means, but to be perfectly honest, it sounds like it was a dumb idea from the start. Yes, yes, hindsight is 20/20, but it just seems overly complicated, and I know how long it took me just to understand New York City’s local versus express lines, so this seems like it might have made things easier for some but confused the heck out of others. It also sounds like something that carried not insignificant risks for train operation and train traffic control.

The lower level was not used for very long, but it has been used ever since by TTC for testing and training. It has also been used by the television and movie industry quite a bit for shooting scenes. The signs they had displayed seem to indicate that it has been a stand in for many U.S. city subway lines. Ever since I visited the lower level, I have been trying to think how many U.S. cities actually have a subway, as in trains that run underground. There are not that many, and furthermore, not many look like this station. Then again, the movie industry may not always care about things like that. But I digress.

In any event, it was kind of neat to walk around the platform. They had a train on either track with all doors open, so you could walk around the trains. They also let people visit the conductor’s seat/booth/area/I don’t what it is called. Today I learned, when given the opportunity to visit this area, people both young and old, really, really, really like to honk the horn. How the employees watching everything were not developing headaches from the horns constantly going off in the confined station where the noise really bounces around, I have no idea.

One final observation. I am rather fascinated by Toronto’s subway trains because the individual cars are all connected into one true train where you can walk very easily between all the cars. I don’t how many other systems have cars like this, but I was fascinated by it. I am most familiar with the Washington, D.C. and New York City subway systems where walking between cars requires going outside and is rather frowned upon or difficult. It would seem likely this would make it rather difficult for trains to be taken apart should only one or two cars need service, but I am not sure how often cars are taken apart and reconfigured on other systems where visually at least, it would appear to be easier.

Bay Lower Subway Station
One of the trains at the Bay Lower Subway Station. You can easily walk the entire length of the train.
One of the trains at the Bay Lower Subway Station. In the foreground is where two cars are joined, and you can walk in between.
View from the end of the Bay Lower Subway Station platform into the tunnel.

City of Toronto Archives

One of the places I visited for Doors Open Toronto was the City of Toronto Archives. The main reason I wanted to visit was a photo I had seen on the website, which once I got there was the viewing gallery. All the photos taken below were taken from there. It is a really neat area where you can look to see the stacks of archive boxes. Well, you can see some of the archives box because there are a LOT of archive boxes, and you can’t see them all. They are kept in a climate controlled area with fire protection. I honestly wanted to learn more about the engineering of the climate control and fire protection, but there didn’t seem to be anyway to ask.

However, while there, I ended up spending quite a bit of time looking at some photographs from their files. I also talked with man who worked with the archives about the restoration and digital scanning of archives. It was fascinating. They scan and also photograph archives depending on the piece. They also had a lot of information about vinegar syndrome, which sounds rather funny, but happens to cellulose acetate film and causes irreversible damage once it starts occurring. They keep cellulose acetate film in a freezer to try to prevent it.

City of Toronto Archives. The lift equipment in the middle is what employees use to retrieve the high boxes, which doesn’t sound the least bit scary.
City of Toronto Archives
City of Toronto Archives

Eglinton Maintenance and Storage Facility

I am in Toronto for Doors Open Toronto. When any city allows people to visit a rail yard or water or wastewater treatment plant, I will be there. One of the places that was on the top of my list to visit is the Eglinton Maintenance and Storage Facility. It houses the Crosstown Light Rail Vehicles where they are inspected, cleaned and maintained. It only opened in January 2019, which was evident because it is still very clean and looks barely used. It is a well designed facility that appears to have been designed with the human worker in mind.

The facility has a train wash, paint booth, and numerous bay for maintenance. The maintenance areas have pit to work underneath the trains besides the platforms to work on the side or inside the trains, but it also has balconies so that the workers can get to the top of the trains.

In one area, there are several sand pumps. The trains carry sand, and if the tracks are really wet or if there is snow or ice, then the driver sprays sand to increase traction on the tracks.
The paint booth where two workers can work, each on their own lift.
The large maintenance bay with balconies
One of the trains in the maintenance bay
Trains in the maintenance bay
More of the maintenance bay. I did not find out what the green carriage is for.
Train wash area
Nicely labeled and color coded pipes and conduits

Mother Clara Hale Bus Depot

I recently got the opportunity to tour New York’s MTA’s Mother Clara Hale Bus Depot with the New York Transit Museum. It is the newest bus depot in New York, and it features many innovative and environmentally friendly design. It has a green roof. Stormwater from the roof in reused in the facility for bus wash. It has a thermal wall that absorbs heat in the winter. It is a really well designed facility, and it is huge. There are also many buses at the bus depot because of course the bus depot is for maintenance and repairs.


The front of the building featuring a gorgeous mosaic
The green metal on the south absorbs solar energy to help heat the building.
Heat exchangers for hot water
Access to oil/water separator
Bus wash using stormwater from the roof
HUGE storage tank stores stormwater from roof
Lots and lots of piping and conduit in stormwater recycling area
Stormwater cleaning tanks
I have a thing for pipes and conduits. I just love the patterns.
The green roof covered with plants
Plants on green roof absorb some of the stormwater, and stormwater runoff enters pipes to go to the storage tank.
Oh yes, there are buses at the bus depot, and they get maintenance and repairs.

Still Learning

I spent the better part of my childhood in suburbia Houston. I think I learned about the Civil War in the second year of U.S. history, which I think I took in 8th grade. Thus, I learned about the Civil War in the mid 1980’s in the South. I very specifically remember being taught that the Civil War was fought over state’s rights. Slavery was a component, but it was really about state’s rights. Decades later, when I was in my 30s, I was having a conversation with a couple of friends. I think the conversation was about federal versus nationalist governments but am not sure, but I remember stating what I had learned in school that the Civil War was fought over state’s rights. One of my friend’s looked at me surprised and said “you really are a Southerner.” I remember being surprised that others (most? any non-Southerner?) thought that the war was fought for a reason other than state’s rights, i.e. fought over slavery. Ironically, the friend was also from the South. It never occurred to me before that moment to question what I had been taught. I have never wished the South had won or anything to that effect. In fact I make fun of the South and am often embarrassed by it. I just had never learned something different. I was and am still learning history.

Growing up in Texas with all my relatives from various states of the South, there were just things that seemed normal to me that I never realized were offensive to others, in particular to African-Americans. Confederate flags are everywhere. Streets, parks, statues, etc. are dedicated to people of the Confederacy. Confederate Heros’ Day is a state holiday in Texas and celebrates Robert E. Lee’s birthday. [Other Southern states have similar.] Because Lee’s birthday is January 19, Confederate Hero’s Day very often falls on the same week as the federal holiday celebrating Martin Luther King, Jr. Day. I still am not sure if that is just weird, offensive, or amazingly ironic. It wasn’t until the events in Charlottesville and the recent push to get rid of things honoring Confederate leaders that I learned that these statues were not erected right after the Civil War but rather decades later during the Jim Crow era. I am still learning.

Years ago, I remember watching an episode of Law and Order. I very well may have been watching it in reruns on cable. I don’t know. I just remember that at some point during the episode either as graffiti or something (I’m fairly sure the word was not spoken), a word was used that I had never heard before. The episode was written such that the audience was supposed to know and understand what that word meant and be offended. I had to look it up online. The word is a Jewish epithet. I guess it is a good thing that I had never heard of the word because why would I want to be exposed to offensive language, but in a weird way, you almost have to know what is offensive to know to be offended by it. Do I want to learn what to be offended by?

As I have grown older, there have been numerous times when I learned that a word or saying or something was offensive to a group of people. I am embarrassed that I didn’t know initially, but I am grateful for anyone who appreciates that I didn’t know and is willing to educate me on it. I am still learning.

Several years back, in a private conversation with just one other person present, an older relative of mine used an ethnic slur to describe some people. I know, or hope, my relative did not mean to use a slur, and as soon as the term was used, I tried to explain that was a slur and please don’t use it again. As I recall, we got into an argument, and I was accused of being disrespectful because my relative didn’t realize the term was as charged as it is. I can remember trying to explain that I was sure that person didn’t mean to use a slur, but it was one, and please learn not to use it. I accept that many people didn’t know that certain words are slurs. To a certain degree, the older you get, the harder it can be to change your ways. Or maybe we just become more stubborn as we get older. Or maybe we are all still learning sometimes against our will.

About the only group of people I feel I have standing to have a “vote” as to what is and is not offensive is women. The use of the word girl can be used in an offensive or benign way depending on setting. [In my opinion, always offensive professionally but benign when discussing something among friends, like “going out with the girls”.] I would guess that there are things I would disagree with other women about as what is and is not offensive. There is a word that in my opinion is about the nastiest slur that can be used for a woman that on a few occasions I have heard someone say. I literally cringe when I hear it. This word does not start with a b. On the few occasions I have heard it, I try to have patience and calmly tell the man (on rare occasion a woman) never to use that word. If nothing else, it gives me empathy for other groups when slurs are used against them. For other groups of people, be it ethnic, religious, skin tone, gender identity, whatever, I let the members of that group decide what is and is not offensive. When I know something is offensive, I respect that and don’t use it. The more people I know, the more I learn. I can think of times in the past few years where I have learned the respectful way to call a person or group of people. I did not use an offensive term before, but I have learned how they want to be called. That is important to me and how I am still learning.

What is my point? We are all still learning. Before anyone gets onto their high horse and say someone should have known something, especially when discussing something decades into the past, they need to stop to consider when everyone else learned that thing. If a child is taught something one way, then the child will just assume that is the truth or the right way, until the child (or perhaps now adult) learns something different. Our environment shapes who we become, and sometimes we have to leave that initial environment to become something different or learn a different perspective. When one person learns “the truth” of some matter may be years or even decades after another person learns that same truth. We need to have patience with each other. We need to teach each other and learn from each other. An initial ignorance is forgivable. That’s why and how we learn. It is a refusal to learn where forgiveness can be difficult. So keep learning.

Cross Stitch Hanging Padded Board

After my blog post asking for help as to how to finish a cross stitch in a manner that mimics one I had professionally finished years ago, I received some good suggestions of how I should and should not do it. After a bit more experimenting, I have now finished two cross stitch works that I did years ago, so now I am posting how I did it.

Let me start with why I did not just have a professional do it. First, I figured I could do it myself. Second, I found a local stitching shop to inquire about having some stitching work I had done finished. They said that to do what I wanted done would be about $75. This is probably not an unreasonable cost, but I have twelve that need to be finished, and that would have cost a lot of money. Years ago, I took a stitching class, and we did one for every month of the year.

Cross stitch samplers with each one themed per month

Here is a closer look at the January one.

January’s heart with the pattern that was used

I wanted the pieces finished on a padded mat board that could be hung using cording of some type. I used the Halloween one that I had professionally finished as a model for making decisions on the hearts. Unlike the Halloween one, I decided just to use a plain, off-white muslin as the backing for all the hearts. The back won’t normally be seen, so I decided just to go with something simple and buy one big thing of cloth that I could cut into pieces for all the heart backs. Next, examining the Halloween one, it looks like they used DMC pearl thread for the cord border. The problem with pearl thread, is that it does not come in that many colors, and I wanted to use cording that matched the pieces. I decided to just use the floss that was used for the pieces themselves, and I will show how I did that below.

I decided to make the pieces one inch wider on each side than the stitching. This worked out to a piece that is 5.5 inches wide and 7.5 inches high. To start, I bought framing mat board, and I cut two pieces that were each this size, one piece per side of the finished piece.

I used an xacto knife to cut the mat board.

Next, I used low loft batting for quilting, and I cut two pieces at this same size. I did not use fusible batting, and this became a good thing later.

Low loft quilt batting

Next, I cut a piece of the muslin. I cut the piece about an inch larger on each side than the finished piece, so two inches wider and two inches higher than the finished piece.

Plain, off-white muslin from the fabric store

I started with the back piece. Very importantly, I ironed both the batting and the fabric first. This is one of the reasons it worked out well that I did not use fusible batting. I laid the cut muslin down, then centered the batting on top of it, then I laid the mat board on top of it. After the first piece I quickly realized, it is much easier to first glue the batting to the board, then to center the batting/mat board on the fabric and then to attach the fabric. I used a plain glue stick for this. I used glue that did not contain acid.

Muslin, then batting, then board centered
Matting sandwiched between the muslin and mat board

Then, I stretched the fabric and pulled it around the back. I then glued it to the back of the board.

Fabric was pulled taunt then folded over the back of the board then glued

Next, I moved to the cross stitched side. I again ironed the cross stitch fabric and the batting piece. I cut just a little bit of the excess fabric, but I left as much as possible in place. I then laid it face down, measured an inch from the farthest edges of stitches, and made tiny little tic marks to help me center the batting and mat board.

I centered my measuring tool then made tic marks on the back one inch from the edges to guide placement of the board.

As I said above, I found it worked better to first glue the batting to the mat board. I then centered that on the back of the stitched fabric using the tic marks. Then I very carefully pulled the fabric evenly taunt and glued it to back of the board.

Stitching centered on the board with the top and bottom glued to the board
All sides glued to the back
Finished top piece after fabric is pulled and glued to the back

It does not look that good from the back, but this will be covered up. Something I realized after doing the first one, is to not glue the excess fabric from the folded over sides on the top of the piece. The reason is that this fabric makes a good anchor to attach the floss that I used for the cording to surround the sides and to hang the piece. I used thread to attach the floss to the fabric.

The floss is doubled and attached to the excess fabric at the top using thread.

I then braided the floss. I explained how I did that in another blog post. I braided enough floss until I had enough to cover the perimeter of the piece and then to make a hanger.

Checking the length of the braided floss

I then knotted the end of the braided floss and stitched it to the back of the excess fabric on the top side opposite where I attached the start of the fabric.

Then I finally glued the back piece covered with muslin to the front piece with the stitched fabric. I used a glue stick to glue them back to back. Then I used thread to stitch the top of the of the two pieces of fabric together to close the gap formed because of the matting and the boards. At the same time while stitching them together I also ran the thread through the braided floss to attach that. I used a slip stitch of sorts to make the thread as invisible as possible.

Two sides glued together and using thread to bring fabric edges together with braided floss

The excess braided floss was then used as the hanger for the piece. Finally the finished piece looks thusly.

Front of the finished piece
Back of the finished piece

I think the most time was probably spent braiding the floss, but other than that, it was fairly easy. If you decide to do something similar, take your time, and as always, measure twice, cut once. Now I only have ten more to do.

Edited to add: I finished the entire set of twelve!

Braiding Cross Stitching Floss

I wanted to use DMC floss that matched my cross stitch pieces to edge them. Floss is not that thick though, and I needed a cording of some type that would be thick enough to cover the edges. Each of my stitched heart pieces used several different colors of floss, so I decided to make use four different colors and make a four thread braid. Even using all six strands within the floss thread and using four different floss threads still did not make the braid thick enough, so I doubled everything. [If you are not familiar with DMC floss, there are six separable strands within the floss. Cross stitching normally uses two strands.] I used two threads per color, but I used the two as if they were one, so that I still braided them like a four thread braid. As explained in another blog post, I attached the threads to the cross stitch piece using thread. I used one long piece of each color thread that I attached at the halfway point.

Threads attached to the piece. Notice the order of the colors.

I used a braiding method that I learned at summer camp decades ago for making friendship bracelets. I started with the left most threads, again treating the two same color threads as if they were one. The left most threads were cross over the middle two threads.

Left most threads (dark pink) is crossed over middle two threads

Next the thread that is now the second to the left is crossed over the thread that was the left most thread and is now the third from the left thread.

Second from left thread (pale pink) is crossed over the thread that is now to its left, the dark pink thread that was initially the left most thread.

Next work from the right. The right most thread is crossed over the middle two threads, so now the initially right most thread is now second from the left.

Right most thread is crossed over the middle two threads

Next the thread that is now second from the right, is crossed over the new second from the left thread.

Second from right thread is crossed over second from left thread

The above four steps are just repeated over and over again. Left most crossed over middle two. New second from left crossed over new second from right. Right most thread crossed over middle two. New second from right crossed over new second from left. Repeat. Repeat.

Thread after several braiding steps.

One final piece of advice. If you are using a lot of thread, either make sure the thread hangs freely, or keep it flat and pieces together. Otherwise the threads will start getting tangled on the opposite side of where the braiding is being performed.

After even more several braiding steps. Keep the threads separate to avoid tangling.

Finishing a Cross Stitch Project

I used to do a lot of cross-stitching. Then I became too busy with school, work, home renovation, etc. I finally have all that behind me, so I am working on stitching projects again. As well as picking up stitching projects to finish, I realized that I had a lot of stitching projects that are actually finished, but now I need to have them framed or finished in a way that they can be displayed. Hence this blog post is to show a prototype of a way I am experimenting with finishing some projects and to seek opinions and advice about this manner.

First, here is the model. Years ago, I cross-stitched this Halloween design. I then took it to the store I frequented for all my stitching needs and paid for someone to make it into this hanging piece. The piece is edged with twisted floss or thread with two tassels at the bottom and hanger at the top. Both the front and the back have a very slight amount of batting or some other cushioning behind it. The piece is also very stiff. There is definitely a board in between the pieces. Best I can tell, each piece of fabric (front and back) is attached to their board.

Finished cross-stitch

The back fo the cross-stitch was finished nicely with a matching fabric that I picked.

Back of finished cross-stitch piece

The piece is finished really nicely with cording lining where the two pieces meet. I could not photograph it, but there is some stitching between the two pieces of fabric. My best guess is that it is just a whip stitch. I can’t quite tell if it is just between the two pieces of fabric, or if it goes through the cording also.

Side view of finished cross-stitch piece

The only part that is somewhat separated is one corner, which is where I presume the cording is glued in between the two pieces.

Side view of corner of finished cross-stitch piece

I tried to make a prototype to duplicate my Halloween piece using some extra fabric. I cut a piece of fabric into a six inch by six inch square. I then cut a piece of low quilt batting into a four inch by four inch square and laid it on top.

Prototype square of fabric with smaller square of batting

I then cut a four inch by four inch square of framing mat board and laid it on top of the batting. I searched craft stores for a board to use. Poster board doesn’t seem to have the stiffness I need. I think non-corrugated cardboard might work, but I couldn’t find any. Framing mat board seemed to be the best compromise of stiffness and thinness.

Prototype square of fabric with smaller square of batting with mat board on top

I stretched the fabric and folded it over the board. I used a glue stick to attach it to the board. I cut a bit of the fabric in the corners to lessen the thickness of the corners.

Excess fabric stretched and folded over back of mat board

This is what the square looked like after from the front.

Front of finished square

I then made a duplicate square, and I glued the backs together. From the side, the piece now looks like this.

Side view with two squares glued together

I think the prototype came out ok. First, I used low batting, which was to be the least puffy batting that I  could find, but I still think it is slightly puffier than my Halloween model. I can’t decide if the mat board is too thick, but it does have a nice stiffness. After looking at the side of my prototype, I think the whip stitch might be needed to bring the two pieces of fabric together and eliminate the noticeable gap between the two pieces. Covering the sides with cording will definitely help also.

Now I am seeking advice and opinions. I have searched the internets, and I can’t find directions for how to make this type of finished piece I want. Has anyone seen this type of finishing before and knows how it is made? Does anyone have advice on how to make my prototype piece look better?