Virginia State Capitol

I came to Richmond to tour the Virginia state capitol. I took the tour today, and the tour was so bad that as a resident of Virginia, I was actually embarrassed by it. First, the tour lasted a little over an hour, and well beyond half of it was history of the state, not of the actual capitol (with an “o” meaning the building itself). I find it hard to believe that I am the only person who when going for a tour of a capitol or some other building wants a tour of the building and the history of the building, not of the state or people who used to live there. Second, the tour was completely whitewashed. My tour guide did not say the word “slave” once. In her entire hour long recitation of the history of the colony and state of Virginia, she did not think it important to mention slavery once. If she had barely talked about the history of Virginia, I might be more forgiving of that huge gap. Also, I am going to make an educated guess that slaves were involved in building the capitol.

Third, probably because she spent so much time talking about the history of Virginia, she barely had time to talk about the details of the building. She evidently doesn’t show either of the House or Senate chambers, unless the group wants to see one. We all wanted to see one, so she took us to the House chambers. After that I asked if we could see the Senate, she seemed surprise that someone would want to see both. Is it really that surprising that someone who goes on a tour of a state capitol would want to see both chambers, which generally are the most important rooms in the entire building? She said the two chambers look the same, but possibly because others wanted to see it also, she took us to the Senate chamber also. They are not the same. They are very similar, but there are specific differences. The House has green seats and curtains. The Senate has red seats and curtains. I have visited enough state capitols to make an educated guess that that is based on the British Parliament lower and upper house. [See the California State Capitol and Colorado State Capitol among others.] However I have to guess because the tour guide didn’t bother to point it out. Considering she said they are exactly the same, perhaps she did not even realize it. Further, when we were in the Senate chamber, I asked her about some symbol on the ceiling [see below photo] that I had also noticed in the House. She did at least partially explain what it was, but considering how capitols are generally full of symbolism, I found it bizarre that she didn’t talk about it to initially. Also, she never mentioned that there is place near the stair landing a floor above where we were, where they have clear plastic covering a portion of the interior of the building [see photo below]. Even if she was not going to take us there, she could have mentioned it as something we might want to go see. I discovered it by accident while wandering around after the official tour.

Fourth, perhaps this is a dumb complaint, but one of the reasons I take guided tours of the capitols is because generally the tour guides are fantastic, knowledgable, and can tell you all these details you can’t get by just wandering around. In the rotunda, to the side of the dome, the state seal is painted on the ceiling. Only it is not the official seal. The state seal of Virginia, which among other places is on the flag not to mention numerous places in the capitol, features the goddess Virtue, and one of her breasts, including the nipple is showing. The seal on ceiling has both of Virtue’s breasts covered. I noticed this immediately that it looked wrong. I asked the guide during the tour if that painted version was because of the former Attorney General Cuccinelli who made national news when he changed the seal to cover up Virtue’s breast on things in his office. She said no that is the official seal. After the tour, I showed her an up close photo to point out the difference, and I am not sure she even realized that the painted version differs from the version on the flag and on the floor next to the tour guide desk. She had no explanation for the difference and didn’t seem to be interested in a visitor pointing out to her there is a difference. She said that painting has been there for years. So maybe that version has nothing to do with a recent politician, but why is it different? I am very curious. Also of note, when I told to her after, there was a security guard right there, and he was really interested and wanted to look at my photo. Thus at least one other person finds it interesting that the painted seal is different. I am curious about how old the rotunda painting is and the history of the version of the seal. Internet searches are only giving me the version on the flag.

My complaints are not just about this particular guide. I am quite frankly dumbfounded that a normal tour does not allow a visitor to see both chambers. You can’t get into the chambers at all without a guide. In most of the state capitols I have been to so far, you can just wander in to at least the viewing gallery. In Virginia, that is not possible. As a resident of Virginia this strikes me as wrong. It is supposed to be the people’s house, so let the people see it.

The exterior of the Virginia state capitol. The middle portion is the original version dating back to 1788 and designed by Thomas Jefferson. The two side wings date back to 1906 and hold the two chambers.
The 2007 extension created an underground approach to the capitol. In the photo above is the underground walkway as it approaches the original building. The wall on the right with the windows is the original building.
The original model of the capitol. They painted the model when they painted the building.
The rotunda.
The rotunda features a statue of George Washington.
The dome which is not visible from the exterior.
The Virginia state seal as painted on the ceiling in the rotunda to the side of the dome. Notice Virtue’s breasts are both covered, unlike the version on the flag and seemingly everywhere else.
The House chambers.
The Senate chambers.
The Senate chambers. The House chambers has a similar ceiling.
Painting on the Senate ceiling. The tour guide said the center is a VA for Virginia. I think she said the circle are tobacco leaves.
Near the stairwell on the floor to the chambers’ viewing galleries (it is on both sides), they have part of the wooden frame from the original east and west entrance to the rotunda viewable. The sign says they were uncovered during the 2004-2007 restoration.

Pennsylvania State Capitol

I am continuing on my quest to see all the state capitols, and today was the Pennsylvania State Capitol in Harrisburg. It is gorgeous. Harrisburg is the third city to serve as the capital, and the current capitol is the third building in Harrisburg to serve that purpose. So I guess they had several chances to get it right. When the current building was dedicated, President Theodore Roosevelt said it was”the handsomest building” he ever saw. This capitol has everything: stained glass, paintings every where, tile, columns, and gold leaf galore. The rotunda was inspired by St. Peter’s Basilica in Vatican City, and the steps and balconies with the rotunda were inspired by the Paris Opera House, so that says a lot about the design.

Front or west entrance to the capitol
View of the capitol from the east or rear entrance. The east wing is relatively new.
Ceiling of the rotunda
The sides of the rotunda are filled with paintings. The quote below the paintings is a mosaic.
Steps and balconies in the rotunda
The floor of the rotunda and halls off of it are tile with many mosaics. My favorite is this happy bat.
Senate chamber
Top of walls with stained glass in the Senate chamber.
House of Representatives chamber
Wall of House of Representatives
Supreme Court chamber
Painting in the Supreme Court chamber. It says “Love, Law, and Wisdom”.
Stained glass ceiling of the Supreme Court chamber
Governor’s reception room
Hallway from the rotunda to the Senate chamber
Hallway from the House of Representatives to the rotunda

Historic Don Jail

One of the buildings open for Doors Open Toronto was the historic Don Jail, which now houses Bridgepoint Active Healthcare Administration Building. The jail was built between 1800-1866 and closed in 1977. I have not toured that many old jails, but this building has ornamentation that I honestly did not think would ever be in a jail. It was built as a reform jail, and evidently sunlight was part of that idea. The cells, or at least the doorways I could see, were still pretty darn tiny though. Architecturally, it is something to behold.

After it closed, the jail evidently sat unused for a while because really, what do you do with an old jail? Bridgepoint purchased it to turn it into an administrative building next to their hospital. They preserved its historic elements. It does seem like some of the offices must be nice, but I can’t imagine working in an old jail no matter how many fresh coats of paint are put on it. There is even a closed off area, which was open for photos, where the gallows were. The are offices across the hall for the gallows room. I really don’t think I could work on that hallway.

Historic Don Jail exterior
Atrium which is shaped as half an octagon.
Atrium view from second floor
The atrium balconies are help up by really ornate brackets shaped like dangerous animals like servants and dragons
A better view of the dragon brackets supporting the balconies
Isolation cells for punishment were about a cot’s width
Cells that have been turned into offices
Gallows area. The outline of where the wood gallows were was left visible.

City of Toronto Archives

One of the places I visited for Doors Open Toronto was the City of Toronto Archives. The main reason I wanted to visit was a photo I had seen on the website, which once I got there was the viewing gallery. All the photos taken below were taken from there. It is a really neat area where you can look to see the stacks of archive boxes. Well, you can see some of the archives box because there are a LOT of archive boxes, and you can’t see them all. They are kept in a climate controlled area with fire protection. I honestly wanted to learn more about the engineering of the climate control and fire protection, but there didn’t seem to be anyway to ask.

However, while there, I ended up spending quite a bit of time looking at some photographs from their files. I also talked with man who worked with the archives about the restoration and digital scanning of archives. It was fascinating. They scan and also photograph archives depending on the piece. They also had a lot of information about vinegar syndrome, which sounds rather funny, but happens to cellulose acetate film and causes irreversible damage once it starts occurring. They keep cellulose acetate film in a freezer to try to prevent it.

City of Toronto Archives. The lift equipment in the middle is what employees use to retrieve the high boxes, which doesn’t sound the least bit scary.
City of Toronto Archives
City of Toronto Archives

Still Learning

I spent the better part of my childhood in suburbia Houston. I think I learned about the Civil War in the second year of U.S. history, which I think I took in 8th grade. Thus, I learned about the Civil War in the mid 1980’s in the South. I very specifically remember being taught that the Civil War was fought over state’s rights. Slavery was a component, but it was really about state’s rights. Decades later, when I was in my 30s, I was having a conversation with a couple of friends. I think the conversation was about federal versus nationalist governments but am not sure, but I remember stating what I had learned in school that the Civil War was fought over state’s rights. One of my friend’s looked at me surprised and said “you really are a Southerner.” I remember being surprised that others (most? any non-Southerner?) thought that the war was fought for a reason other than state’s rights, i.e. fought over slavery. Ironically, the friend was also from the South. It never occurred to me before that moment to question what I had been taught. I have never wished the South had won or anything to that effect. In fact I make fun of the South and am often embarrassed by it. I just had never learned something different. I was and am still learning history.

Growing up in Texas with all my relatives from various states of the South, there were just things that seemed normal to me that I never realized were offensive to others, in particular to African-Americans. Confederate flags are everywhere. Streets, parks, statues, etc. are dedicated to people of the Confederacy. Confederate Heros’ Day is a state holiday in Texas and celebrates Robert E. Lee’s birthday. [Other Southern states have similar.] Because Lee’s birthday is January 19, Confederate Hero’s Day very often falls on the same week as the federal holiday celebrating Martin Luther King, Jr. Day. I still am not sure if that is just weird, offensive, or amazingly ironic. It wasn’t until the events in Charlottesville and the recent push to get rid of things honoring Confederate leaders that I learned that these statues were not erected right after the Civil War but rather decades later during the Jim Crow era. I am still learning.

Years ago, I remember watching an episode of Law and Order. I very well may have been watching it in reruns on cable. I don’t know. I just remember that at some point during the episode either as graffiti or something (I’m fairly sure the word was not spoken), a word was used that I had never heard before. The episode was written such that the audience was supposed to know and understand what that word meant and be offended. I had to look it up online. The word is a Jewish epithet. I guess it is a good thing that I had never heard of the word because why would I want to be exposed to offensive language, but in a weird way, you almost have to know what is offensive to know to be offended by it. Do I want to learn what to be offended by?

As I have grown older, there have been numerous times when I learned that a word or saying or something was offensive to a group of people. I am embarrassed that I didn’t know initially, but I am grateful for anyone who appreciates that I didn’t know and is willing to educate me on it. I am still learning.

Several years back, in a private conversation with just one other person present, an older relative of mine used an ethnic slur to describe some people. I know, or hope, my relative did not mean to use a slur, and as soon as the term was used, I tried to explain that was a slur and please don’t use it again. As I recall, we got into an argument, and I was accused of being disrespectful because my relative didn’t realize the term was as charged as it is. I can remember trying to explain that I was sure that person didn’t mean to use a slur, but it was one, and please learn not to use it. I accept that many people didn’t know that certain words are slurs. To a certain degree, the older you get, the harder it can be to change your ways. Or maybe we just become more stubborn as we get older. Or maybe we are all still learning sometimes against our will.

About the only group of people I feel I have standing to have a “vote” as to what is and is not offensive is women. The use of the word girl can be used in an offensive or benign way depending on setting. [In my opinion, always offensive professionally but benign when discussing something among friends, like “going out with the girls”.] I would guess that there are things I would disagree with other women about as what is and is not offensive. There is a word that in my opinion is about the nastiest slur that can be used for a woman that on a few occasions I have heard someone say. I literally cringe when I hear it. This word does not start with a b. On the few occasions I have heard it, I try to have patience and calmly tell the man (on rare occasion a woman) never to use that word. If nothing else, it gives me empathy for other groups when slurs are used against them. For other groups of people, be it ethnic, religious, skin tone, gender identity, whatever, I let the members of that group decide what is and is not offensive. When I know something is offensive, I respect that and don’t use it. The more people I know, the more I learn. I can think of times in the past few years where I have learned the respectful way to call a person or group of people. I did not use an offensive term before, but I have learned how they want to be called. That is important to me and how I am still learning.

What is my point? We are all still learning. Before anyone gets onto their high horse and say someone should have known something, especially when discussing something decades into the past, they need to stop to consider when everyone else learned that thing. If a child is taught something one way, then the child will just assume that is the truth or the right way, until the child (or perhaps now adult) learns something different. Our environment shapes who we become, and sometimes we have to leave that initial environment to become something different or learn a different perspective. When one person learns “the truth” of some matter may be years or even decades after another person learns that same truth. We need to have patience with each other. We need to teach each other and learn from each other. An initial ignorance is forgivable. That’s why and how we learn. It is a refusal to learn where forgiveness can be difficult. So keep learning.

Colorado State Capitol

Amazingly I lived in Colorado for four years while in college and never once went inside the state capitol. I finally changed that today. Although while taking the tour, I learned that the capitol has been renovated and restored since I was in college, so I was able to see a much nicer looking building than I would have seen back then. The capitol is lovely, and if you are able to visit, take the tour because you can go up into the dome and onto an observation balcony but only on the tour. Similar to capitols, the House of Representatives is decorated in green like the UK House of Commons, while the Senate is decorated in red like the House of Lords. Much of the stone in the building is from quarries in the state, including a gorgeous red onyx. There is a lot of brass that appears to need constant polishing. My favorite feature of the building is Mr. Brown’s Attic, where there are windows to allow you to see much of the superstructure, including vaulted ceiling of the two chambers.

Colorado State Capitol

Interior space

Ground floor

The rotunda

Inside the rotunda looking up to the dome

Representatives chamber

Senate chamber

Brass elevator

Red onyx and brass decorate much of the building

Stairwell with brass decorations

Inside the dome

Window in Mr. Brown’s Attic of the exterior of one of the chamber’s vaulted ceiling

View from the dome’s balcony

Kennedy Space Center

Today was my first visit to the Cape Canaveral area and to the Kennedy Space Center. The big exhibit here is the space shuttle Atlantis. They have it set up really nice, so you can see inside the payload and the damaged external heat shield tiles and blankets. There are plenty of other exhibits to see. Also, you can also take a bus ride to another site to see a Saturn V rocket. The rocket is impressive, and the bus ride is a very short tour of the center and worth the ride.

Space shuttle Atlantis front

Space shuttle Atlantis payload

Space shuttle Atlantis back

Space shuttle Atlantis engine area with damaged heat shield tiles

Saturn V rocket

Saturn V rocket engine

Saturn V rocket main engines

Saturn V rocket main engines, view of inside

Bus tour passes the rock path, with imprints of vehicle still visible, that the shuttle on its platform moved to the launch site

Vehicle Assembly Building

Rocket Garden at sunset

MTA’s Flatbush-Empire Substation

I took another tour with New York Transit Museum today. This one of the Flatbush-Empire Substation, formally known as Old Prospect Park Substation. It was constructed in the early 1900s to originally provide power for Brooklyn trolleys and then was used to provide power to the subways. Sadly, the substation sits right above where the Malbone Street disaster occurred, where approximately 100 people lost their lives in 1918 when an untrained conductor was operating a subway train during a labor dispute. The substation played a role in the disaster when the circuit breakers tripped at the station from the train accident, and the substation operator restored power to the rail thereby electrocuting any victims on the tracks because the system operators thought the breakers had tripped due to a prank by strikers.

The substation originally converted AC power from the grid to DC using rotary convertors. Now they use modern thingamajigs that are not nearly so cool looking. The downstairs of the substation has all the old unused parts, not to mention all the hazardous chemicals that had to be removed. There are capacitors where PCBs had clearly been removed, and other places painted with a white sealant after asbestos had been removed. Upstairs is where the boring gray boxes filled with modern electronics that actually do the work now are. The substation does not have a working rotary convertor by the way. The only one left owned by MTA is at Substation #13 (see that post for photos and video).

Rotary convertor

Rotary convertor

Switch for rotary convertor

Cables coming up from grid underground

Electric busbar panel board

Electric bus

On top bus panel board

Ammeter

Ammeter

Electric switches

Third rail

Modern breakers

Batteries in case of loss of power to grid

Maine State Capitol

I’m continuing my quest to see all the state capitol buildings. I am in Maine, so I detoured through Augusta to add Maine to the list. Maine’s state house is one of the least opulent I have seen. The tour guide even mentioned that it was not gilded, as that is not Maine’s way, and they were also not given the budget for it. Thus, there is lovely architecture and some marble tile floors, but no gold leaf, marble columns, or bronze this or that everywhere. There is a complete lack of painted murals. The building has clearly been renovated, but in a respectful manner to the original architecture. My favorite feature of the building is the second floor balcony which looks out to a large park and has rocking chairs on it.

Exterior view of front of capitol

Stairwell from center of building

Fireplace

Capitol dome

House chamber

House chamber

Senate chamber

Senate chamber ceiling

View from front balcony

Rocking chairs on balcony

Elevator

Gettysburg Gun

Right past security at the entrance to the Rhode Island State Capitol, is the Gettysburg Gun. This cannon was used by Battery B of the 1st Rhode Island Light Artillery as they fought for the Union at Gettysburg in 1863. During the battle, members of the artillery was attempting to reload the cannon when it was struck by a Confederate shell. You can clearly see the dent on the left side of the bore. Two members of the artillery were killed, and other members attempted to keep reloading the gun, but the shell had compressed the mouth enough that the ball would not fully go in the gun. The men tried hammering the ball in, but the gun was hot from being fired numerous times and from being struck. Thus the gun was starting to cool after not being fired for several minutes, and the ball became permanently lodged in the mouth. It probably somewhat melted into place.

The gun became somewhat famous and a remembrance of the battle. It was put on display in Washington then in Rhode Island. It sat at the entrance to the Rhode Island Capitol for decades. Now here is the part I find most fascinating. It was not until 1962 that it dawned on people that the gun powder is loaded into a gun of this type BEFORE the ball is loaded. The ball got stuck while they were trying to load it. Hence in 1962 it finally occurred to some people that there was probably gun powder sitting in the barrel. Very old gun powder. Probably very unstable, old gun powder. Naval ordnance personnel and Rhode Island Army National Guard temporarily took the gun away. They put it into a pool and drilled two holes into it. You can see at least one of the holes on the front. It looks like two, but I am not positive if both are the drilled holes. Sure enough, there was gun powder in there. They flushed out two pounds of gun powder. They left the barrel flooded with water to disarm any residue gun powder before returning it to the capitol.

Our tour guide said the moral of the story is never stop asking questions. This gun was rendered safe because some nameless person asked questions and possibly prevented a horrible incident. I think one of the morals is assume all weapons are loaded. In my line of work as an environmental engineer, when I go to a site, I assume the site is contaminated until proven otherwise. When it comes to safety, plan for the worst, hope for the best. Even if that means a 100 year old weapon.

Gettysburg Gun

Close of mouth where dent from shell strike is clearly visible

Another close up of mouth

At least one of the drilled holes is visible right where the ball meets the cannon mouth at 6 o’clock (if this were a clock). There appear to be two holes but I can’t verify if those are both drilled holes.